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Definition: The Reinforcement Theory of Motivation was proposed by B.F. Skinner and his associates. This theory posits that behavior is the function of its consequences, which means an individual develops a behavior after performing certain actions. The reinforcement theory of motivation is based on the “Law of Effectâ€� concept, i.e. an individual is likely to repeat those … [Read more...] about Reinforcement Theory of Motivation

Definition: The Adam’s Equity Theory posits that people maintain a fair relationship between the performance and rewards in comparison to others. In other words, an employee gets de-motivated by the job and his employer in case his inputs are more than the outputs. The Adam’s Equity Theory was proposed by John Stacey Adams, and is based on the following assumptions: … [Read more...] about Adam’s Equity Theory

Definition: Vroom's Expectancy Theory was proposed by Victor. H. Vroom, who believed that people are motivated to perform activities to achieve some goal to the extent they expect that certain actions on their part would help them to achieve the goal. Vroom's Expectancy Theory is based on the assumption that an individual’s behavior results from the choices made by him with … [Read more...] about Vroom’s Expectancy Theory

Definition: Alderfer’s ERG Theory is the extension of Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy, wherein the Maslow’s five needs are categorized into three categories, Viz. Existence Needs, Relatedness Needs, and Growth Needs. An American psychologist Clayton Paul Alderfer had proposed this theory and believed that each need carries some value and hence can be classified as lower-order needs … [Read more...] about Alderfer’s ERG Theory

Definition: McClelland's Needs Theory was proposed by a psychologist David McClelland, who believed that the specific needs of the individual are acquired over a period of time and gets molded with one’s experience of the life. McClelland's Needs Theory is sometimes referred to as Three Need theory or Learned Needs Theory. McClelland has identified three basic motivating … [Read more...] about McClelland’s Needs Theory

Definition: The Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory is given by Fredrick Herzberg and his associates, who studied the variables that are perceived to be desirable to achieve goals and the undesirable conditions to avoid. In this context, the study was conducted wherein the experiences and feelings of 200 engineers and accountants were analyzed. They were asked to share … [Read more...] about Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory

Definition: The Maslow’s Need Hierarchy is given by Abraham Maslow, who has explained the strength of certain needs at the different point of time. Maslow has given a framework that helps to understand the strength of needs and how a person moves from one need to the other when the basic needs are fulfilled. These needs are arranged in the hierarchical form as shown … [Read more...] about Maslow’s Need Hierarchy

Definition: There are several Theories of Motivation that are developed to explain the concept of “Motivationâ€�. The motivation is a drive that forces an individual to work in a certain way. It is the energy that pushes us to work hard to accomplish the goals, even if the conditions are not going our way. With the establishment of human organizations, people tried to find out … [Read more...] about Theories of Motivation

Definition: The Social Learning Theory is given by Albert Bandura, who believed that individual learns behavior by observing the others. Simply, by observing the other person’s behavior, attitude, and the outcome of that behavior, an individual learns how to behave in a given situation, depending on the consequences observed. The social learning theory acts a bridge between … [Read more...] about Social Learning Theory

Definition: Edward Tolman has contributed significantly to the Cognitive Learning Theory. According to him, individuals not only responds to stimuli but also act on beliefs, thoughts, attitudes, feelings and strive towards goals. In other words, An individual creates a cognitive map in his mind, i.e. an image of the external environment, preserves and organizes information … [Read more...] about Cognitive Learning Theory